CTY XUÂN VINH-Chuyên Bán Bo phát triển Arduino Yún giá rẻ

Công ty xuân vinh chuyên Bán Bo phát triển Arduino Yún

Overview

The Arduino Yún is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4 (datasheet) and the 
Atheros AR9331. The Atheros processor supports a Linux distribution based on OpenWrt 
named 
OpenWrt-Yun. The board has built-in Ethernet and WiFi support, a USB-A port, micro-SD card 
slot, 20 digital input/output pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog 
inputs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, an ICSP header, and a 3 reset 
buttons.

NB : In some countries, it is prohibited to sell WiFi enabled devices without government 
approval. While waiting for proper certification, some local distributors are disabling WiFi 
functionality. Check with your dealer before purchasing a Yún if you believe you may live in 
such a country. If you wish to disable WiFi, run this sketch. For more information, refer to 
this 
forum post.


The Yún distinguishes itself from other Arduino boards in that it can communicate with the 
Linux 
distribution onboard, offering a powerful networked computer with the ease of Arduino. In 
addition to Linux commands like cURL, you can write your own shell and python scripts for 
robust interactions.

The Yún is similar to the Leonardo in that the ATmega32u4 has built-in USB communication, 
eliminating the need for a secondary processor. This allows the Yún to appear to a 
connected 
computer as a mouse and keyboard, in addition to a virtual (CDC) serial / COM port.


The Bridge library facilitates communication between the two processors, giving Arduino 
sketches the ability to run shell scripts, communicate with network interfaces, and receive 
information from the AR9331 processor. The USB host, network interfaces and SD card are 
not 
connected to the 32U4, but the AR9331, and the Bridge library also enables the Arduino to 
interface with those peripherals.

Summary

Because the Yún has two processors, the summary section shows the characteristics of 
each 
one in two separate tables.

AVR Arduino microcontroller
Microcontroller ATmega32u4
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 5V
Digital I/O Pins 20
PWM Channels 7
Analog Input Channels 12
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (of which 4 KB used by bootloader)
SRAM 2.5 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Linux microprocessor
Processor Atheros AR9331
Architecture MIPS @400MHz
Operating Voltage 3.3V
Ethernet IEEE 802.3 10/100Mbit/s
WiFi IEEE 802.11b/g/n
USB Type-A 2.0 Host
Card Reader Micro-SD only
RAM 64 MB DDR2
Flash Memory 16 MB
PoE compatible 802.3af card support (see the note below)
Schematic & Reference Design

Schematic: arduino-Yun-schematic.pdf, arduino-Yun-DSN.zip

Power

It is recommended to power the board via the micro-USB connection with 5VDC.

If you are powering the board though the Vin pin, you must supply a regulated 5VDC. There 
is 
no on-board voltage regulator for higher voltages, which will damage the board.

The Yún is also compatible with PoE power supply but in order to use this feature you need 
to 
mount a PoE module on the board or buy a preassembled board.

Note : early models of the Yún with a PoE adapter were incorrectly providing the board with 
12V. An updated version will soon be provided to distributors that provide the expected 5V. 
If 
you believe you have the wrong PoE adapter on your board, please contact 
support@arduino.cc

The power pins are as follows:

VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board. Unlike other Arduino boards, if you are going to 
provide power to the board through this pin, you must provide a regulated 5V.
5V. The power supply used to power the microcontrollers and other components on the 
board. 
This can come either from VIN or be supplied by USB.
3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
GND. Ground pins.
IOREF. The voltage at which the i/o pins of the board are operating (i.e. VCC for the board). 
This is 5V on the Yún.
Memory

The ATmega32u4 has 32 KB (with 4 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2.5 KB of 
SRAM 
and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).

The memory on the AR9331 is not metaded inside the processor. The RAM and the 
storage 
memory are externally connected. The Yún has 64 MB of DDR2 RAM and 16 MB of flash 
memory. The flash memory is preloaded in factory with a Linux distribution based on 
OpenWrt 
called OpenWrt-Yun. You can change the content of the factory image, such as when you 
install 
a program or when you change a configuration file. You can return to the factory 
configuration 
by pressing the "WLAN RST" button for 30 seconds. 


The OpenWrt-Yun installation occupies around 9 MB of the 16 MB available of the internal 
flash 
memory. You can use a micro SD card if you need more disk space for installing applications. 
Follow the procedure described in this tutorial:How to expand the Yún disk space.

Input and Output

It is not possible to access the I/O pins of the Atheros AR9331. All I/O lines are tied to the 
32U4.

Each of the 20 digital i/o pins on the Yún can be used as an input or output, using 
pinMode(), 
digitalWrite(), anddigitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or 
receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) 
of 
20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data using the 
ATmega32U4 hardware serial capability. Note that on the Yún, the Serial class refers to USB 
(CDC) communication; for TTL serial on pins 0 and 1, use the Serial1 class. The hardware 
serials of the ATmega32U4 and the AR9331 on the Yún are connected together and are 
used to 
communicate between the two processors. As is common in Linux systems, on the serial port 
of 
the AR9331 is exposed the console for access to the system, this means that you can 
access to 
the programs and tools offered by Linux from your sketch.
TWI: 2 (SDA) and 3 (SCL). Support TWI communication using the Wire library.
External Interrupts: 3 (interrupt 0), 2 (interrupt 1), 0 (interrupt 2), 1 (interrupt 3) and 7 
(interrupt 4). These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or 
falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details. Is not 
recommended to use pins 0 and 1 as interrupts because they are the also the hardware 
serial 
port used to talk with the Linux processor. Pin 7 is connected to the AR9331 processor and it 
may be used as handshake signal in future. Is recommended to be careful of possible 
conflicts if 
you intend to use it as interrupt.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 13. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
SPI: on the ICSP header. These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library. Note 
that 
the SPI pins are not connected to any of the digital I/O pins as they are on the Uno, They 
are 
only available on the ICSP connector. This means that if you have a shield that uses SPI, but 
does NOT have a 6-pin ICSP connector that connects to the Yún's 6-pin ICSP header, the 
shield 
will not work.
The SPI pins are also connected to the AR9331 gpio pins, where it has been implemented in 
software the SPI interface. This means that the ATMega32u4 and the AR9331 can also 
communicate using the SPI protocol.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the 
LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
There are several other status LEDs on the Yún, indicating power, WLAN connection, WAN 
connection and USB.

Analog Inputs: A0 - A5, A6 - A11 (on digital pins 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12). The Yún has 12 
analog 
inputs, labeled A0 through A11, all of which can also be used as digital i/o. Pins A0-A5 
appear in 
the same locations as on the Uno; inputs A6-A11 are on digital i/o pins 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 
respectively. Each analog input provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By 
default the analog inputs measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the 
upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function.
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
There are 3 reset buttons with different functions on the board:


Yún RST. Bring this line LOW to reset the AR9331 microprocessor. Resetting the AR9331 will 
cause the reboot of the linux system. All the data stored in RAM will be lost and all the 
programs that are running will be terminated.
32U4 RST. Bring this line LOW to reset the ATmega32U4 microcontroller. Typically used to 
add 
a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
WLAN RST. This button has a double feature. Primarly serves to restore the WiFi to the 
factory 
configuration. The factory configuration consist to put the WiFi of the Yún in access point 
mode 
(AP) and assign to it the default IP address that is 192.168.240.1, in this condition you can 
connect with your computer to the a WiFi network that appear with the SSID name "Arduino 
Yun-XXXXXXXXXXXX", where the twelve 'X' are the MAC address of your Yún. Once 
connected 
you can reach the web panel of the Yún with a browser at the 192.168.240.1 or 
"http://arduino.local" address. Note that restoring the WiFi configuration will cause the 
reboot of 
the linux environment. To restore yourWiFi configuration you have to press and hold the 
WLAN 
RST button for 5 seconds. When you press the button the WLAN blue LED will start to blink 
and 
will keep still blinking when you release the button after 5 seconds indicating that the WiFi 
restore procedure has been recorded. The second function of the WLAN RST button is to 
restore the linux image to the default factory image. To restore the linux environment you 
must 
press the button for 30 seconds. Note that restoring the factory image make you lose all the 
files saved and softwares installed on the on-board flash memory connected to the AR9331.
See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega32u4 ports.

Communication

The Yún has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or 
other microcontrollers. The ATmega32U4 provides a dedicated UART TTL (5V) serial 
communication. The 32U4 also allows for serial (CDC) communication over USB and appears 
as 
a virtual com port to software on the computer. The chip also acts as a full speed USB 2.0 
device, using standard USB COM drivers. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor 
which 
allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs 
on 
the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB connection to the computer.

Digital pins 0 and 1 are used for serial communication between the 32U4 and the AR9331. 
Communication between the processors is handled by the Bridge library.

A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Yún's digital pins 
except 
for pins 0 and 1.

The ATmega32U4 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software 
includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For 
SPI 
communication, use the SPI library.

The Yún appears as a generic keyboard and mouse, and can be programmed to control 
these 
input devices using theKeyboard and Mouse classes.

The onboard Ethernet and WiFi interfaces are exposed directly to the AR9331 processor. To 
send and receive data through them, use the Bridge library. To configure the interfaces, you 
can access the network control panel as described in the getting started page.

The Yún also has USB host capabilities through OpenWrt-Yun. You can connect peripherals 
like 
USB flash devices for additional storage, keyboards, or webcams. You may need to download 
and install additional software for these devices to work. For information on adding software 
to 
the AR9331, refer to the notes on using the package manager.

Programming

The Yún can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select "Arduino Yún 
from 
the Tools > Boardmenu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the 
reference and tutorials.

The ATmega32U4 on the Arduino Yún comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to 
upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It 
communicates 
using the AVR109 protocol.

You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-
Circuit Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details.

Automatic (Software) Reset and Bootloader Initiation

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Yún is 
designed 
in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. The reset 
is 
triggered when the Yún's virtual (CDC) serial / COM port is opened at 1200 baud and then 
closed. When this happens, the processor will reset, breaking the USB connection to the 
computer (meaning that the virtual serial / COM port will disappear). After the processor 
resets, 
the bootloader starts, remaining active for about 8 seconds. The bootloader can also be 
initiated 
by pressing the reset button on the Yún. Note that when the board first powers up, it will 
jump 
straight to the user sketch, if present, rather than initiating the bootloader.

Because of the way the Yún handles reset it's best to let the Arduino software try to initiate 
the 
reset before uploading, especially if you are in the habit of pressing the reset button before 
uploading on other boards. If the software can't reset the board you can always start the 
bootloader by pressing the reset button on the board.

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Yún has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and 
overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse 
provides 
an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will 
automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.

Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the Yún PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the 
USB connector extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw holes allow the board to 
be 
attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil 
(0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.

Weight of the board is 0.0406 Kg.

Using your Yun

There is an extensive Getting Started Guide and a number of tutorials found on the library 
reference page.

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